Resistance Training for Depression: An Evidence-Based Treatment Guide
An Irish systematic review of current research has found that resistance training may be a very helpful treatment for depression. With the World Health Organisation estimating that more than 264 million people worldwide are affected by depression, exploring accessible treatments is more critical than ever. This article breaks down the research and provides a practical starting point.
What the Research Says: A 33-Study Review
Researchers conducted a systematic review of 33 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1,877 participants to measure the impact of weight training on depressive symptoms. The average programme consisted of three sessions per week for 16 weeks, with the average age of participants being 52.
The findings were significant: resistance training led to a notable reduction in depressive symptoms. The effects were particularly strong for individuals with mild to moderate depression. Importantly, these benefits were seen regardless of the participants' health status or the specific details of the training programme, suggesting that the very act of training is what matters.
Key Findings on Resistance Training and Depression
The analysis yielded several key insights that can help inform an effective approach:
- Potency for Mild to Moderate Depression: Participants with a diagnosis saw "significantly larger reductions in depressive symptoms."
- Shorter Sessions Can Be More Effective: Sessions under 45 minutes were associated with a greater effect on symptoms.
- Health and Strength Gains Are a Bonus: The anti-depressive effects were independent of improvements in physical strength or overall health, highlighting a direct mental health benefit.
A Physiotherapist's Guide to Your First Resistance Programme
While the review shows that various programmes work, having a structured plan can help you start safely and consistently. From a physiotherapy perspective, focusing on fundamental movement patterns is key to building a strong, functional body while you work on your mental health.
A good starting weight is one that causes moderate fatigue after 8 to 12 repetitions, all while maintaining good technique.
Your starting exercises should include those that represent important physiological movements:
- Squats
- Deadlift
- Bench Press
- Seated Row
- Shoulder Press
- Planks
These foundational exercises can be scaled up or down in difficulty based on your technical competency. While other exercises like bicep curls are helpful, the movements are already represented in the more functional compound lifts above.
Understanding the Research Limitations
As with any study, it's important to consider its context and limitations. The robustness of a systematic review depends on the quality of the studies it includes. While the average quality score of the studies was high, some had design weaknesses, such as a lack of blinding.
Furthermore, the review noted a lack of complete reporting on factors like medication use, which could influence results. The participant pool also primarily consisted of older adults, with less representation from teenagers and young adults, meaning more research is needed across all age groups.
Conclusion: Adding a New Tool for Mental Health
With depression being a leading cause of disability worldwide, it is encouraging to have strong evidence for an accessible, non-pharmacological treatment like resistance training. The research suggests that it may not matter exactly what you do, but rather that you just do it.
If you suffer from depression, under professional guidance, following the basic guidelines above could help you harness the positive benefits of resistance training for your well-being.
Reference:
Association of Efficacy of Resistance Exercise Training With Depressive Symptoms: Meta-analysis and Meta-regression Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Brett R. Gordon, MSc; Cillian P. McDowell, BSc; Mats Hallgren, PhD; et al
JAMA Psychiatry. 2018;75(6):566-576. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0572